Framework Approach (JUnit / TestNG)

Selenium alone is not a testing framework. It must be combined with a testing framework such as JUnit or TestNG.

JUnit

JUnit is one of the oldest and most widely used testing frameworks in Java.

Key Features

• Simple structure
• Annotation-based
• Best suited for unit testing
• Lightweight and easy to learn

Example

@Test
public void loginTest() {
    driver.get("https://example.com");
    Assert.assertTrue(driver.getTitle().contains("Login"));
}

Pros

• Easy to learn
• Good for small projects

Cons

• Limited parallel execution
• Basic reporting capabilities

TestNG

TestNG is the most popular testing framework used with Selenium today.

Key Features

• Parallel test execution
• Test grouping
• Test prioritization
• XML-based configuration
• Advanced reporting

Example

@Test(priority = 1)
public void loginTest() {
    // test steps
}

Advantages

• Ideal for large projects
• CI/CD friendly
• Highly configurable